Of the three factors that affect sex-based differences in metabolism, panelist Yong Xu, MD, PhD, said the most obvious is gonadal hormones, testosterone and estradiol, and their receptor signaling. The most fundamental factor is sex-linked chromosomes, and the most ignored is autosomal genes, he explained. Read more

Research with humans, other primates, and fruit flies has revealed new understanding of how when food is consumed and other factors affect metabolism. Early time-restricted feeding may be a strategy for the improvement of cardiovascular risk in older populations, Kylie Kavanagh, DVM, MS, MPH, reported. Read more

Growing recognition of the impact of hypertension on maternal and fetal outcomes has helped drive recent changes to lower treatment targets for the condition during pregnancy. Kartik K. Venkatesh, MD, PhD, discussed the latest updates in hypertension in pregnancy. The dynamics of hypertriglyceridemia and pregnancy, and breastfeeding and cardiometabolic health also were discussed. Read more

Diabetes-related retinal disease is prevalent in adults with diabetes and the most common cause of blindness in working-age adults. Current therapies target interventions during the late stages of retinal disease, when vision is already dramatically compromised. Jennifer Sun, MD, MPH, Stela Vujosevic, MD, PhD, and Patrice E. Fort, MS, PhD, discussed potential solutions for patients to preserve vision and prevent retinal disease progression. Read more

The promise of treatment informed by patient genetics continues to grow for people living with monogenic diabetes, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and gestational diabetes. One ongoing barrier in the U.S. is lack of insurance coverage for genetic testing, said Rochelle N. Naylor, MD, part of a panel on the international Precision Medicine in Diabetes Initiative. Read more

Designers and engineers play a role in the effectiveness and usability of diabetes technology, and three experts, including Wendy Rogers, PhD, gathered for a panel discussion about quality teams and what they can learn from design and engineering processes. Dr. Rogers outlined a framework for designing technology that supports patients from diagnosis to sustained self-care. Read more

The microbiome accounts for 99% of the genes in a human, yet the notion that the microbiome plays a role in human obesity is all hype, according to Max Nieuwdorp, MD, PhD. He debated Rob Knight, PhD, on this issue. Dr. Knight supported the argument that the microbiome is key in obesity. Read more

James D. Johnson, PhD, and Kevin D. Hall, PhD, discussed the scientific merit of and the hypotheses driving the two leading models for understanding obesity: the carbohydrate-insulin model and the energy-balance model. Read more

In the U.S. alone, the direct cost of hospitalization for severe hypoglycemia tops $1.8 billion, reported Alexandria Ratzki-Leewing, PhD, in a session that offered a detailed look at the challenges hypoglycemia causes for older people living with diabetes, including health outcomes and financial burdens. Read more

Following the COVID-19 pandemic, researchers observed an increase in type 2 diabetes among adolescents. Experts, including Katie O’Sullivan, MD, presented three strategies to help address the disease in youths: mobilize an interdisciplinary team, explore medical or surgical treatments, and provide community intervention programs. Read more

The debate continues over using beta-cell replacement or automated insulin delivery in the treatment of patients with type 1 diabetes. Michael R. Rickels, MD, MS, presented support for the biological solution provided by islet transplantation, while Bruce A. Buckingham, MD, presented data supporting the artificial pancreas. Read more

Michael Riddell, PhD, and Lori M. Laffel, MD, MPH, provided insight into the unique needs of athletes—children and adults—who live with type 1 diabetes. Different forms of exercise affect glycemia differently, making it important for the type, duration, and intensity of exercise to be factored into the athlete’s care plan. Read more

Growing evidence indicates SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists have beneficial effects not only in patients with type 2 diabetes but also those at risk for cardiovascular disease. Physicians and scientists, including Darren K. McGuire, MD, MHSc, presented findings from trials that demonstrate positive clinical outcomes. Read more

Cancer immunotherapy, monogenic primary immune deficiencies, and celiac disease may have pathologic links to type 1 diabetes. Four experts, including Arabella Young, PhD, discussed ways these conditions may be linked, and in some cases how they can be screened for together. Read more

More than 3 million Americans use continuous glucose monitoring, which provides a plethora of useful data for clinicians. Obtaining and interpreting that data continues to present challenges. Rebecca Rick Longo, MSN, ACNP-BC, CDCES, offered solutions for efficiently downloading the data, and Cari Berget, MPH, RN, CDCES, explained a three-step process for reviewing and using the data to support clinical decision-making. Read more

Before DCCT/EDIC, most individuals with type 1 diabetes died in their late 40s. Four decades later, David M. Nathan, MD, Chair of the DCCT/EDIC Research Group, and other investigators explained how management of the disease has been transformed by the data gleaned from this groundbreaking research and, as a result, lifespans have been extended. Read more

New statistics indicate that more than 1.31 billion people across the globe could be living with diabetes in the next 30 years. In a special symposium on how inequity contributes to the significant growth in this population, Louise J. Maple-Brown, MBBS, FRACP, PhD, and Sian Graham, BAppSc, discussed how select social determinants of health impact diabetes outcomes. Read more

Ralph A. DeFronzo, MD, and David M. Nathan, MD, debated whether combination therapy or sequential therapy is the most effective regimen for treating type 2 diabetes. Dr. DeFronzo advocated for combination therapy for its ability to efficiently correct multiple pathophysiologic defects. Dr. Nathan countered that sequential therapy is a more verifiable and efficient initial approach to disease management. Read more

The COORDINATE-Diabetes trial studied the impact of a multifaceted educational intervention for clinical staff on prescription rates for three groups of therapies used to treat type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. “COORDINATE shows that it is possible to change prescribing behavior using a process that is not resource intensive,” said Principal Investigator Christopher B. Granger, MD, FACC, FAHA. Read more

Researchers presented results from their studies of the effects of retatrutide on obesity, type 2 diabetes, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. “The most interesting reason to pursue glucagon agonism in a multi-receptor agonist is the possibility that you could alter hepatic liver metabolism and potentially decrease fatty acid accumulation and hypertriglyceridemia,” said David A. D’Alessio, MD. Read more

A panel of investigators shared conclusions from two clinical trials studying the efficacy of oral semaglutide in treating diabetes and obesity. “The availability of an oral GLP-1 with weight-lowering efficacy could potentially give people requiring treatment for obesity and their physicians a great option for choice of treatment,” said Julio Rosenstock, MD. Read more

ARMMS-T2D showed gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, and adjustable gastric band surgeries to be more effective than intensive medical and lifestyle management for individuals with type 2 diabetes. Anita Courcoulas, MD, MPH, shared results from the prospective, observational follow-up to four trials comparing surgery and medical management. Read more

Experts including cardiologist Heather M. Johnson, MD, MS, MMM, analyzed the association of hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and glucose levels with macrovascular risk at the 83rd Scientific Sessions. Their discussion focused on a case study of a patient with diabetes and hypertension to determine the best treatment to manage both. Read more

DKD may look the same clinically in type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes, but research suggests there are differences that could influence risk, progression, and treatment for patients with each type of diabetes. “We are looking into molecular pathways and planning direct comparisons between type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes to find altered mechanisms,” said Viji Nair, PhD, MS. Read more

Factors including food insecurity, community, and economic disadvantage play integral roles in the development and care of diabetes, according to four experts who took a closer look at social determinants of health and diabetes. Felicia Hill-Briggs, PhD, ABPP, provided an overview of SDOH in the development of diabetes. She was the chair of the committee that wrote the scientific review of SDOH for Diabetes Care. Read more

Nutrient-stimulated hormones have changed the landscape of weight loss recently, and four scientists, including Jonathan Campbell, PhD, presented information about several types of combinations of these therapies that have and are being tested in trials. Read more

In a Monday morning symposium, three scientists spotlighted major advancements in diabetes from the past year, from new guidelines and statements to a bionic pancreas and anti-obesity drugs. John B. Buse, MD, PhD, reported that health equity issues remain the biggest challenge in advancing diabetes treatment and prevention. Read more

Nutrition plays a significant role in a patient’s diabetes management, but there is no universal approach to incorporating a healthy diet. Ka Hei Karen Lau, MS, RDN, LDN, CDCES, and other specialists explored various nutrition programs, such as providing food benefits to those without access to food, offering education on food choices, and addressing weight stigma. Read more

Alka M. Kanaya, MD, shared clinical implications from her research, Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America, which aims to understand the factors that lead to diabetes in South Asian populations. South Asian individuals in the U.S. have the highest prevalence of diabetes compared to other racial or ethnic groups. Read more

The work of physician-scientist Matthias H. Tschöp, MD, has transformed the fight against obesity and diabetes. As the Banting Medal for Scientific Achievement honoree, he shared insights into the ongoing quest to reverse obesity, including the possibilities offered by the approval of tirzepatide for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Read more

Studies harness real-world data for vital insights into patient populations and can help determine the delivery of care for patients with diabetes. Experts, including Kristi Reynolds, PhD, MPH, FAHA, FACE, discussed the utility of real-world data and how having access to electronic health records can help in examining long-term trends. Read more

Guidelines and standards of care are helpful for many, but some populations require a more individualized approach to diabetes care. Experts, including Rodolfo J. Galindo, MD, shared the tools they’ve made available to patients who may need alternative ways to monitor and self-manage their diabetes. Read more

Data continue to provide strong evidence favoring metabolic surgery to other treatment options for type 2 diabetes remission. Principal Investigator John Kirwan, MSc, PhD, will present ARMMS-T2D study results comparing surgery versus medical and lifestyle intervention in patients with the disease, as well as long-term effects post-surgery. Read more

Experts in diabetes and eye health will discuss how the therapies used in the treatment of diabetes relate to the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy. Risa Wolf, MD, will share data that suggests GLP-1 receptor agonists can worsen diabetic retinopathy. Read more

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists are making an impact in treating patients with type 2 diabetes who may be at high risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and heart failure. Darren K. McGuire, MD, MHSc, will review both classes of drugs as part of an expert panel. Read more

As treatments for diabetic kidney disease evolve, a panel of diabetes care experts will discuss what is happening in the world of antihyperglycemic and antihypertensive agents—and beyond—as the disease continues to be a prevalent complication from diabetes. Christine Limonte, MD, will discuss whether diabetes care professionals are following guidelines in using new therapies. Read more

Michael Sefton, ScD, and a collaborative panel of experts will discuss cell therapy and strategies for delivering it to patients with type 1 diabetes. Topics will include identifying sites for the therapy, protecting the immune cells, and, once the cells are transplanted, monitoring the patient. Read more

Burnout has already contributed to a reduction in the workforce dedicated to caring for patients living with diabetes. Marie Brown, MD, of the American Medical Association will explain how to effectively address clinical burnout at an organizational level using real-world examples of success centered on practice efficiency. Read more

A panel of nephrology and diabetes experts, including Titilayo O. Ilori, MD, MSc, will discuss the impact of race, ethnicity, and underrepresentation of vulnerable populations in clinical trials in relation to diabetes and kidney disease. Read more

Scientific Sessions attendees in San Diego are invited to converse with Mandeep Bajaj, MBBS, editor of ADA’s partner journal BMJ Open, Diabetes Research & Care, and ADA’s President-elect of Medicine & Science; David A. D’Alessio, MD, editor of Diabetes; and Steve E. Kahn, MB, ChB, editor of Diabetes Care. Read more

A. Enrique Caballero, MD, advocates for thoughtfully designed diabetes education and prevention programs tailored to “speak to” the different audiences for which they are intended in order to optimize diabetes care and achieve better outcomes. He is the recipient of this year’s Outstanding Educator in Diabetes Award. Read more

Various self-assessment tools exist to help patients with diabetes monitor their daily activities and provide their care teams with insights into glucose levels. Methods for tracking behavioral markers include sleep monitoring and actigraphy devices to track physical activity. Soohyun Nam, PhD, APRN, ANP-BC, FAHA, FAAN, discussed ecological momentary assessments. Read more

Dietary choices are crucial for managing type 2 diabetes. Experts including Roy Taylor, MD, shared their perspectives on nutrition programs that have helped patients reduce or manage type 2 diabetes while also living healthier lives. These programs incorporate low-calorie diets, low-carb diets, and glycemic excursion minimization. Read more

Vanita R. Aroda, MD, will share results from two trials, OASIS 1 and PIONEER PLUS, and discuss the effectiveness of higher dose semaglutide in treating patients with type 2 diabetes as well as patients with obesity without type 2 diabetes. She will discuss how a high-dose semaglutide regimen can help patients reach their health goals. Read more

Raphael Scharfmann, PhD, will provide insight on the earliest beta cells: fetal pancreatic beta cells. His focus will be on the human fetal pancreas and what it can reveal about beta-cell identity. Other panelists will discuss postnatal beta cells and beta-cell aging. Read more

Two experts will present research on eliminating senescent cells that impact diabetes and aging-related metabolic disease. James L. Kirkland, MD, PhD, will discuss the use of senolytic drugs, and Anil Bhushan, PhD, will share his immunotherapy approach to eliminate senescent cells. Read more

A panel of diabetes and cardiovascular experts, including Jan Borén, MD, PhD, will discuss cardiovascular disease and people with diabetes. The symposium will cover contributing factors to cardiovascular residual risk, new drug targets, and methods to assess disease. Read more

As part of a panel in the ADA Diabetes Journal Symposium, Jonathan Z. Long, PhD, will discuss signaling pathways in energy metabolism, including exercise-induced mediators of body adiposity. He will also share cutting-edge research using a cell-type-specific proteomic approach. Read more

In recent years, telehealth technology has been more readily available and effective in connecting providers and patients. Jennifer Raymond, MD, MCR, will make the case for using telehealth in psychological care, while Michael A. Harris, PhD, will make the case for more research into telehealth models before wide adoption for this kind of care. Read more

Sarah C. Westen will explain what the Psychosocial Subcommittee of the Youth Strategies Committee has accomplished over the past two years. She will share videos created by the team as well as strategies to help improve communication between health care teams and children and their families. Read more

"Sip & Chat" with Alice Cheng, MD, FRCPC, and Michael Natter, MD, on Sunday in the Exhibit Hall. Dr. Cheng, co-host of the Diabetes Care “On Air” podcast and Scientific Sessions Meeting Planning Committee Chair, will interview Dr. Natter, a visual artist and endocrinologist, on how his artistic eye influenced his medical practice. Read more

As the 83rd Scientific Sessions got underway at the San Diego Convention Center, attendees gathered in the Exhibit Hall on Friday evening for a Networking Reception with exhibitors. In addition to providing an opportunity to engage with industry leaders, the event offered a preview of the Poster Hall and a venue to connect with friends and colleagues from across the country and around the world. Read more