Study investigators believe their findings strongly highlight the need for improved hypercortisolism screening and treatment approaches in this patient population. Lead author John B. Buse, MD, PhD, said the knowledge that there is a potential secondary cause for difficult-to-control disease may benefit the mental and emotional health of both patients and their providers.

Despite advances in blood glucose monitoring and insulin delivery, most people living with type 1 diabetes do not meet their glycemic targets. Experts including Anna Lam, MD, MSc, discussed treatment options to help address this gap in care.

Many people try to avoid medications during pregnancy, hoping to lower the risk of an adverse outcome. However, the risks of high doses of maternal glucose often exceed those of any hypoglycemic drug, explained speakers including Jason G. Umans, MD, PhD.

Using artificial intelligence (AI) for automated insulin delivery is one way to leverage this new technology in diabetes care, and a recent randomized crossover trial using a neural-net artificial pancreas (NAP) has shown promising results, explained Boris Kovatchev, PhD.

Better understanding of the implications of metabolic heterogeneity during disease progression may facilitate the development of personalized or pathogenic-derived treatment, explained experts including Carmella Evans-Molina, MD, PhD.

Experts including Brian Oldenburg, MPsychol, PhD, discussed ongoing challenges to U.S. and global implementation of proven approaches to diabetes prevention and treatment and ways to overcome them.

The central nervous system is an essential element in a holistic model of glucose homeostasis, explained Zaman Mirzadeh, MD, PhD. Elevated glucose levels result in insulin release from beta cells, which are glucose sensing, and that has actions on various organs to restore euglycemia.

Osagie Ebekozien, MD, MPH, CPQH, and other experts outlined the ramifications of existing disparities in diabetes care, the importance of person-centered care, and the need for collaboration to improve patient outcomes.

New options for collecting timely, comprehensive blood glucose data facilitates real-time tracking of the effects of food, nutrition, and medication. Caitlin Nass, MSN, CRNP, and other panelists explain what real-world changes clinicians and patients living with diabetes experience.

Jamie L. Felton, MD, argued that immune cells precipitate disease advancement, while Edward Phelps, PhD, made the case that beta cells are a more influential factor.