Research with humans, other primates, and fruit flies has revealed new understanding of how when food is consumed and other factors affect metabolism. Early time-restricted feeding may be a strategy for the improvement of cardiovascular risk in older populations, Kylie Kavanagh, DVM, MS, MPH, reported.

Growing recognition of the impact of hypertension on maternal and fetal outcomes has helped drive recent changes to lower treatment targets for the condition during pregnancy. Kartik K. Venkatesh, MD, PhD, discussed the latest updates in hypertension in pregnancy. The dynamics of hypertriglyceridemia and pregnancy, and breastfeeding and cardiometabolic health also were discussed.

Pancreatic islets contain five endocrine cell types that interact with each other and the rest of the body. Scientists shared their latest research into the islet-cell interactome during the 83rd Scientific Sessions. Maria L. Golson, PhD, explored the mechanisms by which delta cells regulate beta cell function. Delta cells are known primarily for their production…

The microbiome accounts for 99% of the genes in a human, yet the notion that the microbiome plays a role in human obesity is all hype, according to Max Nieuwdorp, MD, PhD. He debated Rob Knight, PhD, on this issue. Dr. Knight supported the argument that the microbiome is key in obesity.

James D. Johnson, PhD, and Kevin D. Hall, PhD, discussed the scientific merit of and the hypotheses driving the two leading models for understanding obesity: the carbohydrate-insulin model and the energy-balance model.

A panel of experts analyzed the effects of physical activity on older adults with diabetes to determine potential therapeutic interventions. Bruce A. Perkins, MD, MPH, discussed his research into longevity in type 1 diabetes and the benefits physical activity has on beta-cell reserve.

Following the COVID-19 pandemic, researchers observed an increase in type 2 diabetes among adolescents. Experts, including Katie O’Sullivan, MD, presented three strategies to help address the disease in youths: mobilize an interdisciplinary team, explore medical or surgical treatments, and provide community intervention programs.

A1C has long been the gold standard for assessing glycemic control in diabetes over time, but continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metrics such as time in range (TIR) are increasingly becoming popular because they represent real-time results. Revital Nimri, MD, and other experts discussed the role of TIR and other CGM metrics that use the most…

Carmella Evans-Molina, MD, PhD, this year’s Outstanding Scientific Achievement Award winner, was first interested in understanding the beta-cell pathways that drive the transition from normoglycemia to dysglycemia to diabetes. Now she is focusing on ways to leverage beta-cell stress to inform type 1 diabetes biomarker development.

Nutrition plays a significant role in a patient’s diabetes management, but there is no universal approach to incorporating a healthy diet. Ka Hei Karen Lau, MS, RDN, LDN, CDCES, and other specialists explored various nutrition programs, such as providing food benefits to those without access to food, offering education on food choices, and addressing weight…